Ensuring a healthy pregnancy and reducing the risk of birth defects is a priority for many prospective parents. Birth defects can arise from various factors, including genetic, environmental, comorbid medical conditions and lifestyle influences. However, taking proactive steps can help minimize these risks and promote a healthier pregnancy. Understanding the steps you can take before and during pregnancy can significantly impact your baby’s health. At Golden Gate TCM Malaysia, we recognize the importance and therefore we outline five essential tips to reduce the risk of birth defects, emphasizing the importance of a fertility test in your journey.
Folic acid, a B-vitamin, is crucial for the development of a healthy baby. Folic acid can be found in various foods, such as leafy green vegetables, citrus fruits, beans, and fortified cereals. However, it is often challenging to get the recommended amount from diet alone. Therefore, a daily folic acid supplement is recommended.
Taking 400 micrograms of folic acid daily at least 3 months before conception and during early pregnancy can significantly reduce the risk of neural tube defects, such as spina bifida and anencephaly (Crider et al. 2022). Neural tube defects occur in the early stages of fetal development, often before a woman even knows she is pregnant. Despite the proven benefits, debates continue regarding optimal dosing and fortification policies. Nevertheless, incorporating folic acid into your daily routine is a simple yet powerful step towards safeguarding your baby’s health and development (Crider et al. 2022).
Maintaining a healthy weight is crucial for both fertility and pregnancy health. Being either underweight or overweight can affect hormone levels, menstrual cycles, and overall fertility. Women with a high BMI are at increased risk for complications such as gestational diabetes, stillbirth, and pregnancy-induced hypertension, while being underweight can lead to irregular menstrual cycles and low birth weight in babies.
Maintaining a healthy body mass index (BMI) is crucial for both fertility and a healthy pregnancy. Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight involves a balanced diet and regular physical activity. Focus on a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Avoid crash diets or extreme weight loss programs, as these can negatively impact your health and fertility.
Certain infections during pregnancy can cause birth defects and other complications. Before getting pregnant, it is essential to ensure you are up-to-date with vaccinations. The measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine is particularly important as it protects against rubella, an infection that can cause severe birth defects. In addition to the MMR vaccine, you may need other vaccinations depending on your health history and travel plans. These may include the hepatitis B vaccine, influenza vaccine, and the Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis) vaccine. Always consult with your healthcare provider to determine which vaccines are necessary for you.
Avoiding harmful substances such as alcohol, tobacco, and recreational drugs is crucial for a healthy pregnancy. These substances can negatively affect fertility and lead to serious birth defects and pregnancy complications. For instance, smoking can cause preterm birth and low birth weight, while alcohol can lead to fetal alcohol syndrome.
If you smoke or use alcohol or drugs, seek help to quit before trying to conceive. Many resources and support systems are available to assist you in making healthier choices. Additionally, avoid exposure to harmful chemicals and toxins at work or home.
Regular consultations with your healthcare provider are crucial for maintaining a healthy pregnancy. Before attempting to conceive, discuss your medical history, current medications, and any concerns. A fertility test can offer valuable insights into your reproductive health and identify potential issues early. Address any chronic health conditions, genetic risks, or past pregnancy complications with your doctor, who can provide tailored advice and recommend steps to optimize your health for pregnancy. This includes guidance on prenatal vitamins, necessary vaccinations, and beneficial lifestyle changes. During pregnancy, it is important to have regular check up and ultrasound growth scans for your baby, it will provide early detection if complications do occur.
It is recommended to start taking prenatal vitamins at least 3 months before trying to conceive and continue throughout pregnancy. This ensures your body has adequate nutrients to support fetal development from the very beginning.
Fertility tests assess reproductive health and genetic diseases that can pass down to the next generation, identify potential issues, and help tailor a preconception plan. Golden Gate Fertility Centre offers comprehensive fertility testing to optimize pregnancy outcomes.
Avoid smoking, alcohol, recreational drugs, and exposure to harmful chemicals. Golden Gate Fertility Centre provides detailed guidelines on safe practices during pregnancy.
The MMR vaccine is crucial as it protects against rubella. Other important vaccines may include hepatitis B, influenza, and Tdap. Consult your healthcare provider to determine the necessary vaccinations for you.
TCM, including acupuncture and herbal remedies, can enhance overall well-being and address reproductive issues. Golden Gate Fertility Centre integrates TCM with modern fertility treatments for comprehensive care, improving eggs quality, uterus function, and sperm motility, morphology and concentration.
Taking proactive steps to reduce the risk of birth defects and complications during pregnancy is crucial for the health of both mother and baby. By incorporating these five tips into your preconception and pregnancy plans, you can create a healthier environment for your baby’s development. Remember, a fertility test can be an invaluable tool in assessing your reproductive health and guiding your journey to parenthood.
CDC (2024). Preventing Birth Defects. [online] Birth Defects. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/prevention/index.html [Accessed 19 June. 2024].
Crider, K.S., Qi, Y.P., Yeung, L.F., Mai, C.T., Head Zauche, L., Wang, A., Daniels, K. and Williams, J.L. (2022). Folic Acid and the Prevention of Birth Defects: 30 Years of Opportunity and Controversies. Annual Review of Nutrition, 42(1), pp.423–452. doi:https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nutr-043020-091647.
Outcomes, I. of M. (US) C. on I.B., Bale, J.R., Stoll, B.J. and Lucas, A.O. (2003). Interventions to Reduce the Impact of Birth Defects. [online] www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. National Academies Press (US). Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK222083/.
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