How Endometrial Polyp Affects Fertility?

Introduction

Endometrial polyps are growths that form on the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium), often affecting a woman’s reproductive health and fertility. These growths can range in size and may be attached to the uterine wall by a stalk. While many women with endometrial polyps do not experience symptoms, others may face significant challenges when it comes to fertility. In this article, we will explore how endometrial polyps affect fertility, the symptoms and causes of these growths, the diagnosis process, treatment options, and how fertility can be impacted. For further consultation, you can always reach out to a fertility doctor in Malaysia at Golden Gate KL Fertility & Gynaecology Centre. 

What is an Endometrial Polyp?

An endometrial polyp is a benign (non-cancerous) growth that forms from the endometrial tissue inside the uterus. These growths can be composed of endometrial glands, stroma, and blood vessels, and may vary in size. Some women may have just one polyp, while others may have several. Polyps are generally diagnosed in women between the ages of 40 and 50, although they can occur in women of any age, including those who are pregnant.

Endometrial polyps can be asymptomatic, meaning they may not cause any noticeable symptoms. However, when symptoms do occur, they can include:

• Irregular or heavy menstrual bleeding
• Bleeding between periods
• Infertility or difficulty conceiving
• Painful periods (dysmenorrhea)
• Bleeding after intercourse

What Causes Endometrial Polyps?

The exact cause of endometrial polyps remains unclear, but several factors may contribute to their development:

1. Hormonal Imbalances: The growth of polyps is often associated with an imbalance in hormone levels, particularly estrogen. Estrogen may stimulate the growth of the lining of the uterus, leading to the formation of polyps.
2. Age: Endometrial polyps are more common in women between the ages of 40 and 50, though they can affect women of all ages.
3. Obesity: Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of developing endometrial polyps, likely due to the influence of excess estrogen produced by fat cells.
4. High Blood Pressure and Diabetes: Some studies have shown that women with conditions like high blood pressure or diabetes may be more prone to developing endometrial polyps.
5. Hormonal Therapy: Women who are undergoing hormone therapy, such as tamoxifen for breast cancer treatment, may be at a higher risk for developing these growths.

Can I Still Get Pregnant with Endometrial Polyps?

One of the most common questions for women diagnosed with endometrial polyps is whether they can still conceive. Many women who have polyps still get pregnant naturally. The presence of endometrial polyps may affect fertility in several ways:

• Interference with Implantation: Endometrial polyps can affect the ability of a fertilized egg to implant in the uterus. The polyp may obstruct the uterus, preventing the embryo from properly attaching to the uterine lining.
• Disturbance in Uterine Environment: The abnormal tissue growth can alter the uterine environment, making it less conducive for successful pregnancy. This can also increase the risk of miscarriage.
• Blockage of Fallopian Tubes: In some cases, endometrial polyps may contribute to blockages or scarring in the fallopian tubes, which can interfere with the natural process of fertilization.
• Hormonal Imbalances: As polyps can be influenced by hormonal imbalances, this can also disrupt the regularity of ovulation and affect the timing of conception.

However, many women with endometrial polyps are able to conceive and carry a pregnancy to term after treatment. The likelihood of successful conception is often improved once the polyps are removed.

How Are Endometrial Polyps Diagnosed?

If you are struggling with infertility or suspect that you may have endometrial polyps, it’s important to consult with a fertility doctor in Malaysia who can provide a thorough evaluation. The diagnosis of endometrial polyps typically involves the following:

1. Ultrasound: A transvaginal ultrasound is often the first test used to identify polyps. This test uses sound waves to create an image of the uterus, helping doctors detect any unusual growths.
2. Hysteroscopy: A more invasive diagnostic tool, hysteroscopy involves inserting a thin, lighted tube (hysteroscope) into the uterus through the cervix. This allows the doctor to visually examine the uterine lining and remove polyps for further analysis.
3. Sonohysterogram: This procedure involves injecting a saline solution into the uterus, followed by an ultrasound to get a clearer image of the uterine lining and identify any polyps.
4. Endometrial Biopsy: In some cases, a biopsy may be taken to rule out other conditions and determine if the polyp tissue is benign or if there are any signs of cancer.

How to Treat Endometrial Polyps?

Treatment for endometrial polyps depends on the severity of the symptoms, the size of the polyps, and the woman’s fertility goals. If the polyps are causing symptoms or interfering with fertility, they may need to be removed. Common treatment options include:

1. Hysteroscopic Polypectomy: This is the most common treatment for endometrial polyps. During a hysteroscopic polypectomy, the doctor uses a thin, lighted tube (hysteroscope) to remove the polyps from the uterine lining. This is a minimally invasive procedure with a relatively short recovery time.
2. D&C (Dilation and Curettage): In some cases, a D&C may be performed to remove polyps. This involves scraping the lining of the uterus, but it is less commonly used for polyp removal than hysteroscopy.
3. Medication: In some cases, hormonal medications, such as progestins or intrauterine devices (IUDs), may be prescribed to reduce the size of the polyps. However, these treatments do not eliminate the polyps entirely and are typically not recommended for women trying to conceive.

Treatment Side Effects

Like any medical procedure, removing endometrial polyps can come with side effects, which may include:

• Cramping or Discomfort: Some women may experience cramping or discomfort after the removal procedure.
• Bleeding: Spotting or light bleeding may occur for a few days after the procedure.
• Infection: As with any surgical procedure, there is a slight risk of infection.
• Scarring: In rare cases, scarring of the uterine lining may occur, potentially affecting fertility.

It’s essential to follow up with your fertility doctor in Malaysia to monitor your recovery and discuss any concerns.