5 Signs of Bad Male Sperm Quality I KL Fertility Centre

Introduction

Male infertility is a rising concern, with poor sperm quality as one of the leading factors. Understanding the indicators of low-quality sperm can be instrumental in diagnosing and addressing infertility issues. At KL Fertility & Gynaecology Centre, we specialize in diagnosing male fertility issues and offering treatments that improve chances of conception. Here’s a look at the five major signs of poor sperm quality, how to interpret semen analysis results, and what can be done to improve sperm health.

1. Low Sperm Count

Low sperm count, or oligospermia, is one of the most common indicators of poor sperm quality. A low sperm count can severely impact a man’s ability to fertilize an egg, as fewer sperm reduce the likelihood of successful conception. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a healthy sperm count is typically over 15 million sperm per milliliter. Low counts could stem from lifestyle factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and stress, or medical issues like hormone imbalances or infections.

2. Poor Sperm Motility

Sperm motility refers to the ability of sperm to move effectively. Poor motility, or asthenozoospermia, means that sperm do not move efficiently enough to reach and fertilize the egg. Motility is essential because even a high sperm count is of limited use if the sperm cannot move well. Common causes of reduced motility include genetic factors, lifestyle influences, and environmental exposures. Tests reveal motility rates, with a normal threshold set at about 40% motile sperm for optimal fertility outcomes.

3. Abnormal Sperm Morphology

Morphology measures the size and shape of sperm cells. Healthy sperm should have an oval head with a long tail to help them swim toward the egg. Abnormal morphology can decrease the chances of successful fertilization. Issues with morphology, also known as teratozoospermia, can result from genetic factors, exposure to toxins, or lifestyle habits such as alcohol or drug use. At least 4% of sperm in a sample should show normal morphology, higher percentages of abnormal forms may signify fertility issues.

4. Infertility

Infertility, defined as the inability to conceive after 12 months of regular, unprotected intercourse, is often the most significant sign of poor sperm quality. Male infertility can stem from low sperm count, motility issues, or abnormal morphology, among other factors. Recognizing the cause of infertility through tests, including semen analysis, allows for targeted treatment. It is also worth considering both partners in infertility evaluations, as infertility can be a combination of male and female factors.

5. History of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

A history of STIs like chlamydia or gonorrhea can lead to inflammation and scarring, affecting sperm production and movement. Certain STIs can cause lasting damage to the reproductive tract, contributing to infertility if untreated. Regular STI testing and early treatment are crucial to protecting sperm health.

Interpreting Semen Analysis

Semen analysis is one of the primary methods for evaluating male fertility, examining sperm count, motility, morphology, and overall sperm health. A comprehensive semen analysis helps identify potential issues and guides treatment planning. The Golden Gate KL Fertility & Gynaecology Centre offers detailed semen analysis, providing a clear picture of sperm quality and helping patients understand their fertility potential.

How to Improve Sperm Quality

Improving sperm quality often involves lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, reducing alcohol intake, and managing stress. Dietary changes and supplements like zinc, selenium, and folic acid can also play a role. Advanced treatments are available for specific issues, such as medications for hormonal imbalances or in vitro fertilization (IVF) with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for severe male infertility.

Monitoring Sperm Quality with Semen Analysis

Frequent monitoring through semen analysis is crucial for those undergoing fertility treatments or making lifestyle adjustments to improve sperm quality. Repeat analyses every few months can track progress, ensuring that efforts are having a positive impact on sperm health.